Articles

Federal Grant Subrecipient Monitoring Under 2 CFR 200

Subrecipient vs. contractor determination, risk assessment, monitoring procedures, and audit requirements.

State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program (SLCGP): Compliance Guide

SLCGP program overview, eligible uses, matching requirements, and compliance with CISA requirements.

GFOA Certificate of Achievement: How to Prepare and Apply

GFOA Certificate of Achievement application process, common deficiencies, success tips, and timeline.

GASB 105: Subsequent Events Reporting for Government Entities

Hypothetical new GASB standard on subsequent events. Illustrative guidance on recognition, disclosure, and implementation considerations.

GASB 104: Capital Asset Disclosures and Assets Held for Sale

GASB 104 disclosure requirements for capital assets held for sale, effective FY 2026. Implementation guide and audit considerations.

GASB 103 Implementation Guide: What's Actually Changing in Your Financial Statements

Practical guide to GASB 103 MD&A, noncapital subsidies, budgetary comparison, and unusual/infrequent items.

GASB 102: Certain Risk Disclosures and Financial Vulnerability Reporting

GASB 102 concentration and constraint disclosure requirements. Framework for identifying and disclosing financial risks.

Government Enterprise Fund vs. Internal Service Fund: When to Use Which

GASB criteria for enterprise fund vs. internal service fund classification. Practical comparison and accounting differences.

Common Single Audit Findings and How to Avoid Them

Top audit findings from 2 CFR 200 single audits, internal control weaknesses, and compliance corrective actions.

ACFR Automation: How Governments Are Modernizing Financial Reporting

Cloud-based tools, AI, and workflow automation for Annual Financial Reports. Vendor case studies show potential for reducing preparation time while improving accuracy.

Water and Sewer Rate Studies: A Financial Planning Guide for Utilities

guide to water and sewer rate studies, rate-setting methodologies, debt service coverage, affordability analysis, and GASB enterprise fund accounting.

Developing an Indirect Cost Rate Proposal Under 2 CFR 200

Complete guide to indirect cost rate proposals (ICRP), cost allocation methodologies, unallowable costs, and negotiating with Cognizant Agencies.

Federal Grant Closeout: Best Practices for State and Local Governments

Complete guide to federal grant closeout requirements under 2 CFR 200, including timelines, FFR preparation, equipment disposition, and audit findings.

GASB 100: Accounting Changes and Error Corrections — Implementation Guide

guide to GASB Statement 100 on accounting changes and error corrections, effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2024. Learn the new hierarchy, journal entries, and compliance requirements.

GASB 103: Overhaul of Government Financial Reporting, Superseding Elements of GASB 34 (1999)

Analysis of GASB Statement No. 103, Financial Reporting Model Improvements, which overhauls government-wide financial statements, budgetary reporting, and MD&A. Effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2025 (FY2026 for calendar-year governments).

PIDP Port Infrastructure Development Program: A Strategic Guide for Port Authorities

guide to the Port Infrastructure Development Program (PIDP), covering MARAD administration, $2.25B IIJA total funding, eligibility criteria, federal share rules, competitive scoring, and strategies for winning port infrastructure grants.

Federal Infrastructure Grant Compliance: 2 CFR 200, Single Audit, and Best Practices

guide to federal infrastructure grant compliance, covering Uniform Administrative Requirements (2 CFR 200), cost principles, procurement standards, Single Audit requirements, common compliance findings, and how to build a grant compliance program.

GASB 96: A Guide to Subscription-Based IT Arrangement Accounting

Master GASB 96 accounting for SBITAs including recognition criteria, measurement, implementation costs, and practical examples.

GASB 87 Lease Accounting: Implementation Guide for Government Entities

guide to implementing GASB 87 lease accounting for state and local governments. Covers right-of-use assets, lease liabilities, discount rates, journal entries, and common implementation pitfalls.

FTA Capital Investment Grants (CIG): Understanding New Starts, Small Starts, and Core Capacity

overview of Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Capital Investment Grants (CIG), covering New Starts, Small Starts, and Core Capacity funding tracks, the multi-year project development process, evaluation criteria, and strategies for preparing transit projects for long-term federal funding.

FAA Airport Improvement Program (AIP): The Complete Guide for Airport Operators

guide to the FAA's Airport Improvement Program (AIP), covering FY2026 funding allocations, eligible projects, federal share calculations, and strategic application tips for airport operators.

Airport Terminal Program (ATP): Maximizing Your Share of $5 Billion in IIJA Funding

Strategic guide to the Airport Terminal Program (ATP), covering $5 billion in total IIJA funding, FY2026 as the final year of authorizations, competitive scoring criteria, and application strategies to strengthen terminal development projects.

Airport Infrastructure Grants (AIG): $2.89 Billion in FY2026 Formula Allocations Explained

Complete guide to Airport Infrastructure Grants (AIG), explaining the formula-based allocation mechanism, multi-year funding accumulation, the Sep 30 2025 deadline for FY23 funds, and how to maximize AIG as part of a multi-source airport funding approach.

Government Fund Accounting Explained: Why Governments Don't Report Like Businesses

A explanation of governmental fund accounting — fund types, modified accrual vs. full accrual, fund balance classifications, and how the dual-perspective reporting model works.

GASB 75: Other Post-Employment Benefits (OPEB) Accounting Guide

GASB 75 OPEB accounting including total OPEB liability, measurement, healthcare trend rates, and comparison to GASB 68 pensions.

GASB 68: Pension Accounting for State and Local Governments

Master GASB 68 pension accounting including net pension liability, proportionate share, expense components, deferred inflows/outflows, and actuarial assumptions.

Modified Accrual vs. Full Accrual Accounting in Government: A Detailed Comparison

Understand the fundamental differences between modified accrual and full accrual accounting, their application in government reporting, and implications for financial analysis.

The Single Audit: A Complete Guide to Uniform Guidance Compliance

Master the federal Single Audit (Uniform Guidance 2 CFR 200), including SEFA preparation, major program determination, compliance testing, audit findings, and corrective action planning.

Enterprise Fund Accounting in Government: A Practitioner's Guide

Review the principles of government enterprise fund accounting, including accrual basis accounting, revenue recognition, operating classifications, and GASB 34 compliance for utilities, airports, and transit systems.

Government Debt Accounting: Bonds, Notes, Leases, and Refundings

Complete guide to government debt accounting including GO bonds, revenue bonds, debt premium/discount amortization, refundings, GASB 86 debt extinguishment, and covenants.

GASB 34: The Foundation of Modern Government Financial Reporting

Understanding GASB Statement 34, the dual-perspective model, government-wide statements, fund financial statements, MD&A requirements, and the future under GASB 103.

GASB 87 vs. ASC 842: Government vs. Private Sector Lease Accounting

Compare GASB 87 (government leases) to ASC 842 (private sector leases), including single vs. dual model, operating lease differences, discount rate approaches, and transition.

The ACFR: A Guide to Annual Financial Reports

Understand the structure, content, and purpose of Annual Financial Reports (ACFRs) for state and local governments.

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